Perinatal demographics
| Pneumothorax group (n=13) | Control group (n=13) | P value | |
| Perinatal variables | |||
| Female sex* | 8 (62) | 4 (31) | 0.12 |
| Gestational age (wk)† | 38.9 [37.7, 39.9] | 39.1 [38.1, 39.6] | 1.00 |
| Birth weight (kg)† | 3.3 [2.9, 3.6] | 3.2 [3.0, 3.4] | 0.49 |
| o/e LHR by ultrasound† | 35 [27, 39] | 46 [27, 67] | 0.33 |
| o/e TLV by fetal MRI† | 21 [20, 23] | 24 [17, 39] | 0.45 |
| Apgar score 1 min† | 4 [1, 6] | 6 [3, 7] | 0.19 |
| Apgar score 5 min† | 7 [5, 8] | 8 [7, 8] | 0.23 |
| Left-sided CDH* | 12 (92) | 12 (92) | 1.00 |
| Liver up* | 7 (54) | 7 (54) | 1.00 |
| Defect type* | 0.80 | ||
| A/B | 4 (31) | 5 (38) | |
| C/D | 6 (54) | 6 (46) | |
| Died prior to repair | 3 (23) | 2 (15) | |
| Cardiac anomalies* | 6 (46) | 6 (46) | 1.00 |
| Outcome variables | |||
| Time to pneumothorax (min)† | 110 [66, 180] | – | – |
| Side of pneumothorax* | |||
| Ipsilateral only | 5 (38) | – | – |
| Contralateral only | 4 (31) | – | – |
| Bilateral | 4 (31) | – | – |
| Use of nitric oxide* | 13 (100) | 5 (38) | 0.001 |
| Use of ECLS* | 11 (85) | 6 (46) | 0.04 |
| Duration of ECLS (days)† | 10.5 [4, 20] | 13 [6, 14] | 0.67 |
| Repaired* | 10 (77) | 11 (85) | 0.93 |
| Duration of ventilation (days)† | 21 [13, 31] | 15 [7, 37] | 0.64 |
| Survival to discharge* | 6 (46) | 11 (85) | 0.09 |
| Discharged on home oxygen* | 3 (23) | 4 (31) | 0.42 |
P-value ≤0.05 is considered statistically significant.
*Data presented as proportion (%).
†Data presented as median [IQR].
CDH, congenital diaphragmatic hernia; ECLS, extracorporeal life support; IQR, Interquartile range; o/e LHR, observed/expected lung to head ratio; o/e TLV, observed/expected total lung volume.