Table 1

Modified Neonatal Infant Pain Scale

IndicatorBehavioral score
012
Facial expressionRelaxed muscles
Neutral expression
Tight facial muscles
Furrowed brow chin or jaw
CryQuiet—not cryingMild moaning intermittent cryLoud scream, rising shrill
Continuous cry
Breathing
patterns
RelaxedChanges in breathing; irregular, faster than usual, breath holding
LegsRelaxed. No muscular rigidity.
Occasional random movements
Flexed/extended
Tense
State of
arousal
Awake and quiet or sleepingIrritable. Alert, restless, and thrashing