Table 2

Evaluation of studies on distal to mid-shaft hypospadias

Distal and mid-shaft hypospadias	Year	Repair method	Complications (%)	Age range	Hypospadias	Mean follow-up (months)	Statistics	Prognostic factors for complications
El-Sherbiny et al38	2004	TIPU	15	1–22 years	All types	10	MLR	Meatal location
Aslam et al14	2013	TIPU	7	3–7 years	Mid-shaft and distal	56	N/A	N/A
Chung et al37	2012	Several (including TIPU)	21.40	<16 years	All types	6	MLR	Location of hypospadias
Mane et al15	2013	TIPU	11	1–5 years	Distal	23	N/A	N/A
Aboutaleb23	2014	TIPU	20	9 months to 12 years	Distal	6	Univariate	Low or flat UP width
Spinoit et al33	2015	Several	24.10	4 months to 11 years	All types	23	MLR	Proximal hypospadias (meatal location)
Arlen et al25	2015	Several	14.10	12 years	All types	18	MLR	Glans-Meatus-Shaft (GMS) score
Bush et al21	2015	TIPU	12.60	<10 years	All types	7	MLR	Small glans size, meatal location and reoperation
Garnier et al29	2017	Several (including TIPU)	36.20	1–16 years	All types	26	MLR	Age
Dokter et al3	2018	Several (including TIPU)	31	10 months	All types	57	MLR	Proximal meatus or chordee
Chukwubuike et al22	2019	TIPU	31	Under 15 years	Distal	6	Univariate	No factors
Dokter et al35	2020	Several (including TIPU)	19	1.2–8.9 years	Mid-shaft and distal	12	MLR	No patient-related prognostic factors
Güler36	2020	TIPU	27.70	Under 16 years	All types	20	MLR	Urethral plate anatomic feature, glanular groove, and glans size
Malhotra et al39	2020	Several (including TIPU)	31	3 months to 10 years	All types	20.5	MLR	No difference in success in terms of meatal location

MLR, multivariable logistic regression; ; N/A, not available; TIPU, tubularized incised plate urethroplasty; UP, urethral plate.;