Demographic and clinical characteristics for patients
| Variables | ARM+ (n=12) | ARM– (n=91) | P value |
| Male:female ratio (% male) | 6:6 (50) | 57:34 (63) | 0.399 |
| Mean incidence of all UTI per patient (including preoperative)* | 2.0±1.6 | 2.0±1.2 | 0.775 |
| Use of prophylactic antibiotics, n(%) | 9 (75) | 84 (92) | 0.091 |
| Recurrence of UTI, n(%) | 8 (67) | 61 (67) | 0.979 |
| Bilateral VUR, n(%) | 3 (25) | 36 (40) | 0.528 |
| Severity of D-VUR, n=ureters (%) | 0.174 | ||
| Grade Ⅲ | n=9 (60) | n=56 (43) | |
| Grade Ⅳ | n=3 (20) | n=59 (45) | |
| Grade Ⅴ | n=3 (20) | n=16 (12) | |
| RDS n=kidneys (%) | 0.036 | ||
| RDS=0 (none) | n=2 (13.3) | n=47 (35.9) | |
| RDS=1 (less than two lesions, split renal function >40%) | n=4 (26.7) | n=52 (39.7) | |
| RDS=2m (multiple lesions, split renal function <40%) | n=2 (13.3) | n=7 (5.3) | |
| RDS=2d (diffuse lesions, split renal function <40%) | n=7 (46.7) | n=25 (19.1) | |
| Presence of BBD, n(%) | 5 (42) | 7 (8) | 0.0006 |
| Mean follow-up period (years)* | 6.6±1.1 | 6.0±0.3 | 0.950 |
* Data were presented with mean±SD.
ARM, anorectal malformation; BBD, bladder and bowel dysfunction; D-VUR, dilating vesicoureteral reflux; RDS, renal dysfunction score; SD, standard deviation; UTI, urinary tract infection; VUR, vesicoureteral reflux.