A summary of the studies using the quail model
Author | Title | NEC protocol | Gestational age (days) | Area of study |
| Dupriet et al26 | Evidence for clostridial implication in necrotizing enterocolitis through bacterial fermentation in a gnotobiotic quail model | 2-week old, germ-free quail were orally inoculated with bacterial strains: K. pneumoniae, C. perfringens, C. difficile, C. paraputrificum, C. butyricum Quails were sacrificed after 3 weeks | 2-week old | To analyze the role of K. pneumoniae, C. perfringens, C. difficile, C. paraputrificum in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis |
| Dupriet et al28 | Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyamines in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis: Kinetics aspects in gnotobiotic Quails | 3-day old quail were orally inoculated with C. butyricum. Quails were sacrificed at day 7, 12,18, and 24 | 3-day old | Inverstigating if short-chain fatty acids and polyamines are primary elements in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis like lesions |
| Butel et al41 | Oligofructose and experimental model of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis | Quails were fed a 6% lactose diet that included lactose-fermenting bacteria such as C. butyricum or fecal flora specimens | No age specification | Assessing how low endogenous lactase activity, lactose in diet and lactose-fermenting bacteria onset intestinal lesions |
| Butel et al42 | Clostridial pathogenicity in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis in gnotobiotic quail and protect role of bifidobacteria | Quails were fed a lactose diet and orally inoculated either C. butyricum or whole necrotizing enterocolitis flora (including three clostridial species C. butyricum, C. perfringens, C. difficile—each from premature infants suffering from necrotizing enterocolitis) or Bifidobacterium strain | 2-week old | Determining the involvement of clostridia in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. As well as determining the protective role of bifidobacterial in necrotizing enterocolitis |
| Bouseboua et al43 | Experimental cecitis in gnotobiotic quails monoassociated with clostridium butyricum strains isolated from patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and from healthy newborns | Animals were initially fed a commercial diet ad libitum then transitioned into a lactose-based diet after day 3 of life. At day 13, quails were split and given C. butyricum bacterial strains were obtained from sick premature babies | 13-day old | Determining the involvement of clostridia strains in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis |