Examples of care standardization in pediatric surgery
| Context | Standardization | Level of evidence (LOE) | Outcome improvement | Reference |
| Childhood | ||||
| Perforated appendicitis | Grading scale, protocolized antibiotics | Prospective single center | Decreased length of stay (LOS) | Yousef et al.13 |
| Elective colon surgery | Operative care bundle | Prospective multi-center | Surgical site infection (SSI) rate | Tobias et al.14 |
| Elective inguinal surgery | Standardization of instrument tray | Prospective single center | Improved sterilization time | Koyle et al.68 |
| Gastrostomy | Gastrostomy tube care bundle | Prospective single center | Decreased gastrostomy tube dislodgement | Ruffolo et al.69 |
| Neonatal | ||||
| NEC | Standardized feeding regimen | Systematic review (SR) | Decreased incidence | Jasani et al.70 |
| Gastroschisis | Closure bundle | Retrospective single center | Less ventilator days | Haddock et al.71 |
| Gastroschisis | Feeding bundle | Systematic review (SR) | Quicker feeding, decreased mortality | Raduma et al.72 |
NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis.