Comparison of complications between patients who had undergone push and pull technique percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
| All (n=217) | Push (n=138) | Pull (n=79) | P value | |
| Major | 17 (7.8%) | 8 (5.8%) | 9 (11.4%) | 0.140 |
| Abscess | 3 (1.4%) | 2 (1.4%) | 1 (1.3%) | 0.911 |
| Buried bumper syndrome | 3 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (3.8%) | 0.021 |
| Cellulitis | 3 (1.4%) | 1 (0.7%) | 2 (2.5%) | 0.273 |
| Gastrocolic fistula* | 2 (0.9%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (1.3%) | 0.688 |
| Peritonitis | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.448 |
| Pneumonia | 4 (1.8%) | 2 (1.4%) | 2 (2.5%) | 0.568 |
| Septic infection | 2 (0.9%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (1.3%) | 0.688 |
| Minor | 116 (53.5%) | 66 (47.8%) | 50 (63.3%) | 0.028 |
| Overgranulation | 64 (29.5%) | 37 (26.8%) | 27 (34.2%) | 0.252 |
| Site infections | 50 (23.0%) | 25 (18.1%) | 25 (31.6%) | 0.023 |
| Tube degradation | 4 (1.8%) | 2 (1.4%) | 2 (2.5%) | 0.568 |
| Unplanned removal | 43 (19.8%) | 24 (17.4%) | 19 (24.1%) | 0.236 |
| Other† | 13 (6.0%) | 13 (9.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.005 |
| Reoperations | 22 (10.1%) | 9 (6.5%) | 13 (16.5%) | 0.020 |
*Includes gastrocolic and gastrointestinal fistulas.
†Includes unplanned T-fastener removals and T-fastener infections.