Table 4

Interventions for congenital conditions performed by hospital level

Capacity (%)	First-level hospital	Second-level hospital	Third-level hospital	National children’s center	P value
Airway management, fluid replacement, bleeding control, antibiotic therapy	74	88	85	92	0.14
Blood transfusion	57	59	53	67	0.12
Tracheal tube	95	95	90	86	0.32
Local anesthesia	100	94	91	88	0.005
Spinal and general anesthesia	17	17	16	14	0.89
Pediatric hernia	100	98	97	97	0.08
Pediatric hernia (infant)	100	99	98	98	0.18
Umbilical hernia	100	99	98	96	0.06
Pyloric stenosis	95	99	95	93	0.66
Colostomy	100	99	96	96	0.06
Neonatal bowel obstruction (atresia, stenosis, malrotation)	95	98	96	96	0.98
Tracheoesophageal fistula repair	67	84	85	83	0.27
Clubfoot	0	2	0.6	2.3	0.14
Cleft lip	9	5.3	2.3	4	0.54
Anorectal malformations or Hirschsprung’s disease (first stage; often colostomy)	92	98	92	94	0.93
Anorectal malformations or Hirschsprung’s disease (definitive treatment)	86	85	84	88	0.69
Abdominal wall defects	97	100	95	95	0.76
Hydrocephalus	0	4	6	2	0.004
Congenital cardiac anomalies	0	2	2	4	0.04
Spina bifida	0	3	0	2	0.06
Bladder exstrophy	12	40	29	40	0.05
Undescended testicles	100	98	97	96	0.09
Hypospadias	60	84	75	67	0.16

Comparison of interventions performed for congenital conditions included in the DCP3 report between each of four hospital levels.
Percentages are based on weighted proportions. P values were calculated using Adjacent Wald χ² tests.
DCP3, Disease Control Priorities Third Edition.