Analysis of the factors associated with postoperative biliary complications
| Factors | No biliary complications (n=74) | Biliary complications (n=12) | χ2 statistic* (df) | P value |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 1.8 (3.0) | 1.6 (2.8) | – | 0.980† |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 39 (53%) | 8 (67%) | ||
| Female | 35 (47%) | 4 (33%) | 0.81 (1) | 0.367* |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| Malay | 49 (66%) | 6 (50%) | ||
| Non-Malay | 25 (34%) | 6 (50%) | – | 0.337‡ |
| Pathology, n (%) | ||||
| Hepatoblastoma | 59 (80%) | 12 (100%) | ||
| Non-hepatoblastoma | 15 (20%) | 0 (0%) | – | 0.115‡ |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy§, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 52 (72%) | 9 (82%) | ||
| No | 20 (28%) | 2 (17%) | – | 0.719‡ |
| Type of resection, n (%) | ||||
| Extended hepatectomy | 30 (41%) | 10 (83%) | ||
| Non-extended | 44 (59%) | 2 (17%) | 7.60 (1) | 0.006* |
| Segmentectomy 1, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 9 (12%) | 5 (42%) | ||
| No | 65 (88%) | 7 (58%) | – | 0.023‡ |
| Operative time (min), median (IQR) | 210 (96) | 287 (121) | – | 0.028† |
*χ2 test for independence.
†Mann-Whitney U test.
‡Fisher’s exact test.
§Unknown in three patients.
IQR, interquartile range.